论透闪石玉命名及分类

ON THE CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE OF TREMOLITE JADE

德穆尔１８６３年发表了对来自我国圆明园的和田玉及翡翠的矿物学分析成果，将它们分别命名为“Ｎｅｐｈｒｉｔｅ”和“Ｊａｄｅｉｔｅ”。这两个词后来被译成“软玉”和“硬玉”一直沿用至今。其实，它们之间硬度并无不同，“软玉”一词在矿物学界和玉石界使用中也有一定混乱。根据玉石命名原则及和田玉的矿物成分和它在我国悠久的命名历史，建议“软玉”一词以“透闪石玉”取代。透闪石玉是由微晶透闪石组成、具毡状结构、符合工艺要求的玉石。可按地质产状、颜色、工艺等级、并考虑传统名称进一步划分品种。按产状可分为子玉、山玉、山流水等，按颜色分为白玉、黄玉、青玉、墨玉、碧玉等。

Based on the materials from the Yuanmingyuan of China,Demore published his mineralogical analysis results for a Hetianyu and a Feicui in 1863 and named them 'Nephrite' and 'Jandeite' respectively which are translated into 'Ruan Yu' (soft Jade) and 'Ying Yu' (hard Jade) in Chinese and applied up to now.But there are no difference between the hardness of both.According to nomenclative principle, mineralogical character and long standing of nominate historic in China for the HetianYu, we propose to the word of 'Tremolite jade'(nephrite) replace 'RuanYu'. Tremolite jade consists of microcrystal tremolite, felty texture, and accord with the demands of technological. According to geological state, color, technological classification, and traditional nomenclature, tremolite jade can be classified into some varieties respectively. Such as based on geological state, they can be classified as mountainous material, young jade and slope jade. According to color, they can be classified as white jade, yellow jade, green jade, black jade etc.