论清代黔东南苗寨的纠纷解决——以文斗苗寨词状为对象的研究

Brief Analyses of Disputes Settlement in Miao Minorities of Southeaster QIAN District in Qing Dynasty——Taking Legislation Documents of Verbal Struggle of Resident Place of Miao Minorities as Focus

清代黔东南因为林木买卖的繁荣,经济不断发展,民间的纠纷增多,衍生了黔东南独特的纠纷解决过程。以文斗的词状文书为对象的研究显示了在纠纷的解决过程中,有不同的解纷方式,即神明裁判,官府审理,第三方主持下的调解。在纠纷的解决中,不同主体有不同的态度。官府一般将自己摆在一个第三者的地位,不主动插手民间的纠纷,不告不理,且在解决诉讼到官府的纠纷时也依契约与情理结案。民众一般采用调解解决纠纷,即使诉讼到官府也是为调解争取更有利于自己的筹码。第三方则是为了维护自己的权威以及文斗乡间社会的和谐。这些因素共同构建了清代黔东南纠纷解决的真实图景。

Because of the prosperity of woods business, continuous economic development and the increase of various disputes among the people, the verbal struggle of Qing Dynasty deviated unique process of disputes settlemen. The htigation documents of verbal struggle for studying resources indicated that there are different ways in the dispute settlement process. There are three kinds of disputes settlement, the gods referee, the official proceedings, third - party mediatiom. Different parties had different psychology in the process of disputes settlement. The government generally took itself as the third party and did not actively meddle in disputes among the people ; it did not hear a case where there was not anyone to commence a legal action and the settlement of the disputes litigated to the government was concluded according to contracts and reasons. The people generally settled their disputes through reconciliation, even when they litigated to the government they just wanted to get counters beneficial to themselves for disputes settlement. These factors work together to build the real picture of dispute resolution southeaster QIAN District in Qing Dynasty.