从相和歌到清商三调——魏晋娱乐音乐的发展变迁

From Xianghege to Qingshang Sandiao:the Development of Music of Wei and Jin Periods

"相和歌"的称名到刘宋时期才出现,是特指魏晋时期"丝竹更相和"的"十三曲"清商曲。清商三调是在相和歌基础上进一步发展的结果,其音乐渊源与相和歌一样,皆出于清商曲。其歌辞语面形态上"行"和"解"的出现是其表演形态中"歌弦"、"送歌弦"等辞乐配合演唱部分的出现、"调"在演唱中得以进一步强化的产物。魏晋时期清商乐从相和歌到清商三调的发展,清晰地展示了魏晋娱乐音乐的发展历程。

The name ＂Xianghege＂ did not appear until Liusong Period. It refers specifically to ＂13 songs＂ of Qingshangqu in ＂the harmonious blending of the string instruments and wind instruments＂. Qingshang Sandiao developed from Xianghege, both originating from Qingshangqu. The language form of the songs ＂xing＂ and ＂fie＂ were the results of the emergence of the music concerts with speech such as ＂Ge string＂ and ＂Songge string＂ in their performance form and the further reinforcement of ＂diao＂ in singing. The transfer from Xianghege to Qingshang Sandiao clearly demonstrated the course of development and changes of the folk music of Wei and Jin Periods.