保护地低压节点渗灌水肥处理对番茄灌水量、产量和品质的影响

Effects of different water and fertilizer on irrigation amount,yield and fruit quality of tomato with low pressure of node subsurface irrigation in protected field

在保护地低压节点渗灌条件下,采用2因素3水平完全组合设计,研究了灌水上限和施肥量的耦合效应对番茄灌水量、产量和品质的影响。研究表明:提高灌水上限,可减少水分的无效损耗,进而影响番茄的水分利用效率;施肥量对番茄产量影响最大,灌溉上限与施肥的交互作用次之,灌溉上限的影响最小;同一施肥水平下,大量灌水引起番茄Vc、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比降低;不同施肥水平仅对番茄糖酸比影响达极显著。综合考虑节水、增产和品质等多种因素,以肥料纯N 75.0 kg/hm2、纯K2O 75.0 kg/hm2处理,灌溉上限和灌溉下限土壤水吸力分别为15.8 kPa和30.0 kPa,番茄产量最高,品质较佳。

The coupling effects of the irrigation upper limit and fertilization amount on irrigation amount, yield and fruit quality of tomato were studied by means of 2-factor 3-level full combination experiment design under the condition of low pressure of node subsurface irrigation in protected field. The results indicated that the ineffective wastage of water could be reduced by increasing the irrigation upper limit, which further influenced the water use efficiency of tomato. The effect of fertilization amount on the tomato yield was the maximal, and the interaction of the irrigation upper limit and fertilization amount was the second factor, while the effect of the irrigation upper limit was minimal. The Vitamin C content, soluble sugar content and sugar-acid ratio of tomato all decreased by using plentiful irrigation in the same fertilization. The different fertilization amount could merely affect the sugar-acid ratio of tomato significantly. By comprehensive consideration of water saving, increasing yield and fruit quality, when the fertilization amount was pure N 75.0 kg/hm^2, pure K20 75.0 kg/hm^2, soil water suction of the irrigation upper limit and lower limit were respectively 15.8 kPa and 30.0 kPa, the yield of tomato was the highest and the fruit quality was preferable.