陇东黄土旱塬不同耕作方式及施肥处理对冬小麦产量和土壤肥力的影响

The effects of different tillage methods and fertilizer treatments on yield of winter wheat and soil fertility in the loess plateau of east Gansu

在陇东旱塬覆盖黑垆土的土壤上,通过3年冬小麦田间试验研究了不同耕作方式及不同施肥处理对旱塬冬小麦产量、水分利用效率(WUE)和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:传统深耕配施有机无机肥有利于作物高产和提高WUE;免耕年限增加不利于产量的增加;随着耕作年限的延长,传统耕作和免耕配施有机无机肥土壤有机质含量均有不同程度提高,传统耕作土壤有机质含量从试验前的11.75 g/kg提高到13.0 g/kg,提高了10.6%,免耕土壤有机质含量从试验前的11.75 g/kg提高到13.93 g/kg,提高了18.6%。从产量、WUE和土壤养分等方面综合分析,在陇东旱塬以传统深耕配施有机无机肥有利于增加作物产量,提高WUE,改善土壤肥力状况。因此,传统耕翻配施有机无机肥是目前陇东黄土旱塬培肥土壤和抗逆减灾最为有效的措施之一。

The effects of different tillage methods and fertilizer treatments on the yield and water use efficiency （WUE）of winter wheat and soil fertility was studied in loess plateau of east Gansu through fixed experiment for 3 years. The results showed that traditional tillage improved the yield and the water use efficiency of winter wheat, while more than two consecutive years of no-tillage resulted in the reduction of yield, so the third year should be with tillage. With the elongation of cultivation duration, the organic carbon content in both traditional tillage and no-tillage increased, which was improved from 11.75 g/kg to 13.0 g/kg in traditional tillage and from 11.75 g/kg to 13.93 g/kg in no-tillage method. Analyzed from yield, water use efficiency and soil fertility, traditional tillage had a positive effect on the yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat and soil fertility. So traditional tillage combined with mixed application of organic and inorganic fertilizer is an effective way for soil fertility and disaster reduction in the loess plateau of east Gansu at present.