论写作知识呈现方式的变革

On the Innovation of the Presentation of Knowledge for Writing in Chinese Textbooks

百年语文写作教材经历了三次改革浪潮。第一次改革以写作知识的“学科化”为中心；第二次改革以写作教材知识的“科学化”为中心；在第三次改革中，语文课程标准提出“不宜刻意追求语文知识的系统和完整”，在历史语境中把握该理念的内涵，写作教材“教学化”、“学材化”应该成为第三次教材改革的中心。写作知识的开发既要重视内容的科学性，也要重视呈现方式的有效性，以求文质兼美。而要真正有效地呈现科学的写作知识，使教师易教，学生乐学，关键在于写作练习的设计。

There has been three major reforms in the history of Chinese writing textbooks. In the first reform, the writing knowledge was subject-centered , while the second reform was science-centered. In the third reform, the new Chinese curriculum standards advocates that the systemization and standardization should not be over emphasized , which could be interpreted in the historical contexts. Hence, the third reform of the writing is characterized by teaching-centered and convenient for teaching and learning . In the development of writing knowledge, we should pay attention to the scientific nature of its contents as well as the effectiveness of its presentation in order to reach the harmony between the contents and design. And the design of writing exercises is the key to present the scientific writing knowledge to make it easy for teachers to convey knowledge and a pleasure for students to learn.