概化系列模型及其应用效果

Fundamental Principle and Design Method for Generalized and Serial Models

随着交通运输事业的发展,有大量跨河工程修建在平原宽浅河流上,因水流宽度受压缩而引起的上下游水面急剧变形,牵涉到建筑物跨度和长度、底部高程和基础深度,以及回水淹没高度和范围. 采用概化水流模型能否对宽深比很大的宽压缩水流进行一般性研究,国内外都有人持不同的见解,这个问题在文中进行了论证. 根据集合理论和相似原理,本文提出一种概化系列模型,介绍了它的基本原理和设计方法,并把试验成果同野外资料对比,取得了满意的结果.

With the development of communication and transportation, many bridges have been constructed across the alluvial rivers. Backwater caused by the flow throuth width constrictionis involves in designing including the size of opening, elevation of the low chord of the bridge, and size of the inundated flood plain area.The question whether scale models were .suitable for the study of streams with large width to depth ratio was controversial in the previous investigators. It is necessary to clarify this question in the modeling of alluvial rivers with wide valleys.According to theory and principle of hydraulic models, basing on the previous studies, it is proposed that the method of generalized and serial modeling is adopted, and the fundamental principle of the model and its design method are introduced. The experimenatal results have been compared with the field data, and a rather good result is obsained. It will be seen that the fundamental principle of modelling is correct and its design method is also very effective.