新疆冰川消融对气候变化的响应及应对策略

The Problems of Water Resource and Corresponding Measures Caused by Climate Change and Glacier Melt in Xinjiang

在过去50多年里,气候变暖使我国的冰川面积大幅减少。新疆地区气候极端干旱,冰川在新疆淡水资源中占有极其重要的地位。新疆所发生气温升高、冰川消融加速等现象,与全球尺度的气温升高密切相关。气温的持续升高,使得消融量远大于累积量,是导致新疆地区冰川消融量持续增加的主要原因。可以预见,新疆水资源紧张的局面不会改变,远景不容乐观。文章在总结由冰川变化引发的生态问题的基础上,对新疆地区的水资源利用提出了减少CO2等温室气体的排放能源对策、恢复山地森林带和建立山地河谷林、山地停牧还草、建立山区水库、长距离调水形式的改变、发展各种节水节能农业技术、绿洲防护体系的建设与完善、荒漠植被的保育恢复与重建、发展盐水灌溉技术等具体措施,以缓解新疆面临的洪水威胁增加与水资源加速紧张问题。

In the past over 50 years, the climate warming causes our country＇s glacier area to reduce largely. Climate in Xinjiang is extreme dry. Glaciers have an extremely important position in Xinjiang fresh water resource. The occurrence of temperature increasing and glacier melting in Xinjiang closely related to global warming. The temperature continues to increase, which causes the quantity of glacier ablation much bigger than accumulation. It is the main cause of sustainable increase of glacier melting. It can be predicted that short water supply in Xinjiang will not change, and the foreground of water resource is not so optimistic. Based on summarizing the change of annual average temperature and precipitation in recent years in Xinjiang, complete measures of water resource utilization were proposed, such as reducing the emission of greenhouse gas, recovery of mountain forest, returning grazing to grassland recovering, building up reservoirs in mountain area, the form changing of long distance water transfer, development of water-energy saving agricultural technology, construction and improvement of artificial oasis defend system, conservation of desert vegetation, development of salt water irrigation.