美国性骚扰纠纷解决机制研究

On the Dispute Resolution Mechanism of Sexual Harassment in U.S

美国性骚扰纠纷解决机制由专门的单位内部纠纷解决机制、行政申诉程序制度和特殊的民事诉讼制度三个部分构成。单位内部性骚扰纠纷解决程序分为正式及非正式两种。行政申诉程序方面,设立了专门的纠纷解决机构,规定了专门的程序,如"申诉案件优先处理程序"。在民事诉讼方面,从性骚扰案件的受理到证明责任分配、品格证据的运用等方面采取了特殊规则。同时,对诉前利用单位内部关于性骚扰纠纷解决机制是否为提起民事诉讼的必经程序也有明确的规定。三类纠纷解决方式的共同作用极大地促进了美国对性骚扰纠纷的妥当解决。

In United States, the mechanism of sexual harassment dispute resolution consists of three parts： internal control system of a unit, administrative complaint and special civil procedure. The internal control system of a unit is divided into formal and informal processing procedures. As far as the administrative complaint is concerned, United States establishes specialized organization and special procedure, such as the priority processing for the case of sexual harassment. In terms of civil procedure, United States has adopted special rules from the admissibility of a case, burden of proof to character evidence in civil actions. These three kinds of mechanisms have played a significant role in properly handling sexual harassment disputes in United States.