我国黄土高原水土流失的治理与经济振兴

Control of Soil Erosion and Economy Development on the Loess Plateau

黄土高原地区水土流失严重，气候干旱，多风沙和土地生产力低。综合治理的方略是充分开发利用土地和降水等资源，建设好基本农田，带动这一地区的水土流失综合治理工作，同时还必须控制人口数量，提高人口素质。在方法上应当以小流域为单元，贯彻综合治理、集中治理和连续治理的方针。为了实现本区经济振兴应积极发展水土保持产业。主要途径包括：发展经济林，种草种灌。发展畜牧，开发和利用沙棘资源；改造沙漠，发展“绿洲农业”和治理“四荒”资源，发展水土保持股份合作制等。

Abstract The ecological envirnment on the Loess Plateau is characterized with grievous soil and water loss, dry climate with great wind and sediment, and low productivity. The strategy and methods to harness the area are to exploit and utilize land and precipitation resource, etc., construct capital farmland to promote the comprehensive harness of soil and water loss, meanwhile to control the quantity of population and raise the quality. Of the specific measures it is suggested to take small watershed as the unit to control, carrying on the policies of comprehensive,concentrated and successive harness. To realize the development of economy in the area, the industrial soil and water conservation should be developed. The major ways raised include developing economic forest, expanding animal husbandry through grass and shrub plant, accelerating resource construction of Hippophae rhamnoides and its multiple use, reforming desert to develop “green land agriculture”, harnessing and exploiting “four deserted” resources and establishing soil and water conservation cooperation system in stocks.