黑农号大豆品种的基因源及农艺性状的遗传改进

GENE SOURCE OF HEINONG SERIES OF SOYBEAN AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF MAJOR AGRONOMIC TRAITS

基因源分析表明，黑农号大豆品种的育成共涉及２０个亲本材料，其中主要基因源有满仓金、荆山朴和紫花四号三个骨干亲本。有５２％、３９％和３２％的品种分别含有满仓金、荆山朴和紫花四号的血缘。随着品种育成年代的推进，三个骨干亲本的血缘组成不断减少，表明新的血缘不断输入。黑农号大豆品种主要农艺性状的遗传改进的趋势是从高大无限多分枝类型向中秆亚有限少分枝类型演变，同时，品种的抗病性、抗倒伏性不断增强。７０年代育成的品种单株产量的提高主要是通过提高百粒重实现的，而８０年代后育成的品种主要是靠增加单株荚数和每荚粒数提高单株产量。

Twenty parents were used in development of heinong cultivar series of soybean of which Manchangjin, Jingshanpu and Zihua 4 were major gene sources of thecultivars. Fifty two percent of the cultivars analyzed in this paper contains Manchangjin gene source, 39% contains Jingshanpu gene source and 32% contains Zihua 4 gene source. In the later years the released cultivars obtained, the less genetic contribution from the 3 major parents. This indicates that new genes were continuously intriduced. The general tendency of genetic improvement of major agronomic traits in Heinong cultivar series is from tall-plant, indeterminate and multi-branches to middle height, semi-determinate and fewer-branches;more-over disease and lodging resistances are strengthened. Yield increase of cultivars developed in 70s was achieved by increasing 100-seed-weight and after 80s it was achieved by increasing pods per plant and seed number per pod.