边远贫困地区民族村寨旅游发展的省思——以贵州西江千户苗寨为中心的考察

Thoughts about Tourism Development of Ethnic Minority Villages in the Outlying Poverty-striken Areas——An Inspection with Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village,Guizhou as the Center

贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州西江千户苗寨是边远贫困地区民族村寨旅游开发的典型案例。通过田野调查,笔者认为,旅游并非造成当地传统文化变迁的主要因素,东道主有融入全球化的"自我决定"权,而审慎地选择开发方式,以保护"地方感"应成为旅游开发的战略选择。其间政府主导作用的有效发挥是边远贫困地区旅游开发的必要条件,但当旅游市场形成后,应规制政府与民争利,并及时实现政府角色的转换,让位于社区主导。同时,在民族村寨旅游开发中,将地方性知识融入现代景区管理制度尤其显得意义重大。

Xijiang Qianwu Miao Village of Miaozu and Dongzu Prefecture in the southeast of Guizhou Province is a typical case of tourism development of ethnic minority villages in the outlying poverty-striken areas. Through field survey, the author believes that tourism is not the major factor that changes local traditional culture and the hosts have ＂self-determination＂ right to merge into globalization. Prudently selecting development mode to protect ＂local sense＂ should be the strategic choice of tourism development. And the dominant role the government plays is the prerequisite of tourism development in outlying poverty-striken areas. However, once tourism market is formed, the government should restrain scrambling profits with local people and timely transit the role and give way to local community. Meanwhile, it is of great significance to place local knowledge into modern management system in tourism development of ethnic minority villages.