首发与复发精神分裂症患者家属健康教育需求差异分析与对策

Analysis of the difference of health education needs between families of first-episode schizophrenia patients and recurrence-episode schizophrenia patients

目的了解首发和复发精神分裂症患者家属对健康教育知识、方法及出院后健康教育方式需求的特点。方法采用自行设计健康教育需求情况调查表,对88例首发入院与122例复发入院的精神分裂症患者家属进行调查。结果两组患者家属对健康教育知识的需求中疾病的病因及症状、检查指导、疾病预后、饮食禁忌、诱发因素与预防、心理调节方法与技巧、康复指导和病情复发处理差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05);对健康教育方法的需求中病友间经验交流、健康教育录像、工休讨论会,出院后健康教育方式的选择中参加健康教育课堂、医护家访差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论根据首发与复发精神分裂症患者家属需求的不同,有针对性地开展健康教育,确保健康教育工作的效果,控制患者疾病的复发。

Objective To understand the characteristics and differences of health education needs among families of first - episode and recurrence - episode schizophrenia patients. Methods A self- designed health education needs questionnaire was performed in 88 families of first - episode schizophrenia patients and 122 families of recurrence - episode schizophrenia patients. Results There were different between the needs of two groups in education contents,such as canses, symptoms, examination guidance, disease prognosis, food taboos, inducing factors, psychological adjustment, rehabilitation, relapse treatment, and in education methods, including sharing experience among peers, watching health education videos, organizing discussing meeting, health education lecture and home visiting after discharged from hospital （ P 〈 0.01 or P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Nurses should carry out targeted health education according to the needs of families of patients with first -episode and recurrence -episode schizophrenia to ensure effective health education,and to control the relapse of disease.