企业创新战略视角下产业模块化动力机制研究——基于计算机产业史的考察

Dynamics of Industrial Modularization: From Perspective of Firm Innovation——Based on the Longitudinal Case Study on Computer Industry Evolution

采用纵向案例研究方法,对计算机产业从大型机时代向PC机时代的演进历程进行了考察,对产业模块化的动力机制进行探索分析。认为由企业间竞争而激发的创新战略是产业模块化的主要驱动力量:产业演化初期,有实力的在位企业会通过激进式创新,完成产品从一体化向模块化的转换;在此背景下,新进入者会从"低端价值模块"进入,采用模块创新策略逐渐瓦解在位企业所垄断的一体化价值链;新进入者也会利用破坏创新技术,采取"低端客户进入"与开放技术标准等策略,来破坏在位企业的竞争优势,加速产业模块化。

By the method of longitudinal case study, it studies the evolution process of computer industry from the age of mainframes to the age of PC, and analyzes the dynamic mechanism of industrial modularization. It argues that the innovation strategy aroused by the competition of enterprises is the main driving force of industrial modularization. In the initial stage of the industry evolution, the strong incumbent enterprises will complete the transfer of product from integration to integration by radical innovation. In this context, the new entrants will enter from the ＂low-end value module＂ and use module innovation strategy to gradually break down the integrated value-chain monopolized by the incumbents. The new entrants will also use damage innovation technique and adopt ＂low-end customer entrance＂ and opening up technical standards strategies to damage the competitive advantages of the incumbents and speed up the industrial modularization.