厨房空气中烹调油烟有害成分的测定和分析

Detection and analysis of harmful composition of cooking oil fume in the kitchen

目的研究3种类型民用燃料燃烧的烹调油烟中气态污染物(SO2、NO2、CO、CO2)及颗粒物(PM2.5、PM10)的污染状况,并分析PM2.5、PM10中8种金属元素(铅、铬、铜、镉、锰、锌、铁、汞)和两种多环芳烃(菲、苯并[a]芘)的含量。方法采用气体检测仪检测SO2、NO2、CO、CO2值;采用称重法分析PM2.5和PM10的质量浓度,石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法定量检测PM2.5和PM10中铅、铬、铜、镉,火焰原子吸收分光光度法定量检测PM2.5和PM10中锰、锌、铁,冷原子吸收法定量检测PM2.5和PM10中汞,高效液相色谱法定量检测PM2.5和PM10中菲、苯并[a]芘浓度。结果SO2、NO2、CO、CO2及PM2.5、PM10的浓度均超过室内空气质量标准规定的浓度限值,其中超标倍数较大的分别是天然气的CO2(5.2),液化石油气的NO2(11.1),蜂窝煤的SO2(12.4)、CO(16.5);天然气的PM2.5、PM10超标倍数分别是117.0、145.5。PM2.5、PM10的金属成分分析结果显示锰、锌、铁含量较高,铅、铜次之,铬、镉、汞含量最低;PM2.5、PM10的多环芳烃类有机成分菲、苯并[a]芘含量均较高。结论3种类型燃料燃烧产生的烹调油烟中气态污染物及颗粒物污染严重,不同类型燃料产生的污染物污染状况不同,PM2.5、PM10中金属元素及多环芳烃类有机成分污染水平较高,烹调油烟可能是居室内空气污染主要来源,且污染程度严重。

Objective To investigate the pollution condition of gaseous pollutants （SO2, NO2, CO, CO2 ） and particulate matter （PM2. 5, PM10 ） in the cooking oil fumes （COFs） from three types of domestic fuel combustion, and to analyze the concentration of eight kinds of metal elements （lead, Pb; chromium, Cr; copper, Cu; cadmium,Cd; manganese, Mn; zinc, Zn; iron; mercury, Hg） and two kinds of polycyelic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） （phenanthrene, Ph; benzo [a] pyrene, B[a]P） in PM2.5, PM10. Methods The gas detector was used to detect the concentration of SO2, NO2, CO, CO2; the weighing method was used to analyze the mass concentration of PM2.5 and PM10; the concentration of Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd in PM2.5 and PM10, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry （GF-AAS） was adopted for quantitative detection, meanwhile the concentration of Mn, Zn, and iron were detected through the flame atomic absorption speetrophotometry, Hg by means of cold vapor atomic absorption, and Ph, B[a]P by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results All the concentration of pollutants （SO2, NO2, CO, CO2, PM2.5, PM10） in our study exceeded the concentration limits specified in Chinese Indoor Air Quality Standard, and the bigger times of ultra standard （Times） were CO2 （5.2） generating from naturalgas, NO2 （ 11.1 ） from liquefied petroleum gas, SO2 （ 12.4 ）, CO （16.5） from coal, 117.0 and 145.5respectively for the PM2.5 and PM10 sourcing from NG. The analysis of metal composition showed that the contents of Mn, Zn and iron were higher than Pb and Cu, and the lowest were Cr, Cd, and Hg. The analysis on the organic composition of PAHs revealed that Ph and B [ a] P both could cause serious indoor air pollution. Conclusions Serious indoor air pollution was caused by the gaseous pollutants and particulate matter released by three types of domestic fuel combustion in cooking oil fumes, and different fuel resulted in different pollution. The metal elements and PAHs of PM2.5, PM10 were of high pollution level. So cooking oil fumes might be the major source of indoor air pollution, and posed a high pollution level.