艾德礼政府大国防务政策解读

The Interpretation of the Defense Policies of Attlee Government

艾德礼政府坚持维护英国的大国地位,与之相对应的就是全球防务政策,这一目标主要体现在1947年与1950年的两个防务计划上。两个防务计划有五个特点:在防务上依赖美国的同时又与美国拉开距离;把苏联作为主要敌人又避免过度刺激苏联;英帝国和英联邦是防务的重要组成部分;中东在战略上的重要性;远东在防务中处于次要地位。防务政策的演变体现出两个重要趋势:从软化苏联到更加依赖美国;中东防务的重要性逐渐倾斜为欧洲本身的防务,而冷战的爆发与升级是促成这两大转变的主要原因。

Attlee Government tried to keep Britain as a global power and this led to the defense policies on a global level. The global defense is represented by the defense plan of 1947 and the one of 1950. Five characteristics can be found from the two plans： Relying on the United States and keeping the distance from it; Regarding the Soviet Union as the enemy and avoiding annoying it; British Empire and Commonwealth are stressed in the defense policies; Middle East stands as a very important part; Far East is in the subsidiary position. Two trends are embodied in the evolution： from appeasing Soviet Union to depending heavily on the United States; the importance o（ Middle East declined to the importance of the Continent. The breaking out and the upgrade of the Cold War is the important cause of both policies.