基于沙堆模型的控制规则

Control Rules Effect Based on Sand Pile Model

电力系统是一个复杂系统并具有自组织临界性。文中首先进行了沙堆模型的仿真,验证了雪崩规模与频率的幂率关系,然后在沙堆模型中加入了控制措施,获得了长程时间下控制规则影响系统的结果。分别加入小棍机制、减少故障传递和主动解列3种控制规则,得到了新的幂率函数。通过比较发现新的幂率函数在双对数坐标下斜率有所增加,即加入控制规则后降低了大型事故发生的概率。因此,正确的控制规则是抑制大型停电事故的重要因素,所提出的3种控制规则能预防和缓解大型事故的发生。

Power system is a complex system, and has important self-organized criticality characteristics. Firstly, a sand pile model is built, and through the simulation on this model, the power law relationship between cascading scale and the corresponding frequency is verified. Secondly, the control measures are added to this model, the influence of the control rules on the system under long-term span is established. Three control rules are added into sand pile models, such as small stick mechanism, decrease of fault transfer and active splitting control, and new power law functions are obtained respectively to satisfy the self-organized criticality. Compared with the power law function from sand pile model without imposed rules, slopes of the new power-law functions increased in log-log coordinates, which means that the probability of large-scale accidents is reduced under the three rules. Therefore, appropriate control rule is an important factor to prevent large power outage, and these three rules are proposed as effective ways to prevent and alleviate blackout of power systems. This work is supported by Special Fund of National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2004CB217902）.