论1930年代革命文学的“资本化”

"Capitalization" of the 1930's Revolutionary Literature

1930年代的革命文学生产处于政治需要、文学追求与经济利益三者的张力之中,"资本化"是它最大的特点。当时上海较为发达的资本主义市场体系和现代出版业为革命文学提供了完善的生产—消费机制,使其难逃被转化为经济资本和社会资本的命运。国民党也试图通过在文学上打"革命"旗号以及实行专制的文化政策来独占"革命"的合法性。出于经济目的和政治图谋设立的文学奖也在为革命文学的资本化推波助澜。革命文学的资本化生产方式使1930年代的"革命文学"呈现出特别复杂、多样的面貌,同时也使革命文学的生产必然遭遇重重悖论。以反抗资本主义的现代性为目标的革命文学却不得不借助资本主义的现代性来实现自身的再生产,这一方面消解了它的"革命"性,同时也使其"文学"性大打折扣。

The 1930＇ s revolutionary literature was nurtured in the tension of economic interests, political demand and literary pursuit, so it was distinctively characterized with ＂capitalization＂. The capitalized means of production made the 1930＇ s revolutionary literature assume especially complex and diverse features, and its production exposed to an ocean of paradoxes. As a result, the revolutionary literature, which should have resisted against capitalist modernity, had to actualize its own reproduction with the help of the former. This digested to a great degree its character of ＂revolution＂ and discounted its literary character.