全国第一批名老中医药专家成才经验分析及对中医人才培养的启示

Successful experience of the first batch of prominent senior TCM specialists and enlightenments to TCM talent training

目的对全国第一批453名名老中医药专家成才经验进行分析,明确其成才规律,为探索现代中医药教育规律,为探索人才培养模式和培养方案提供有效指导。方法采集每位专家的基本情况(出生年代、从医时间),学医途径,开始学医时间,学医内容,专业分布及临床特长等要素,采取频数统计方法对各要素进行整理分析。结果中医药专家年龄普遍偏高,说明传承已迫在眉睫;开始学医的时间早,从医周期以50至60年居多,体现了早临床和长期临床的特征;在学医途径方面,师承方式是其成才的主要途径,仅院校教育也占有一定比例;在学医内容方面,经典具有重要的作用;此外,多科学发展,中医中药并重也是其中的特征之一。结论现代中医药人才培养可借鉴师承结合院校教育模式进行,注重跟名师,重经典,早临床,长期实践。

Objective To analyse the successful experience of the first batch of 453 prominent senior TCM specialists in the whole country, and identify the successful laws to explore the regular rule of modem TCM education and the mode and scheme of talent training. Methods The factors were collected from the specialists including the general data （time of birth and being engaged in TCM）, time and ways to study medicine, learning content and specialty, and clinical strong points. All factors were regulated and analysed by using frequencies analysis method. Results The average age of the specialists is higher, which indicates that the inheritance of their experience is extremely urgent. They began to study medicine when they was young and most of them have practiced in clinic for 50 to 60 years. The master-apprentice education is a main way for them to study medicine but some of them educated in colleges. The TCM classics are important in their learning content, and they also developed in multiple disciplines including Chinese and Western medicine. Conclusion The training mode of modern TCM talents should take the advantages of master-apprentice education and college education, and pay more attention to masters, classics, clinic and long-term practice.