海相碳酸盐岩勘探地球物理方法新进展

Progress of Geophysical Methods in Exploration of Marine Carbonate Reservoirs

介绍了地震相和古地貌恢复、地震属性分析、相干体、三维可视化解释、地震反演等五种主要地球物理方法技术的新进展。生物礁地震相可归纳为七种类型;层拉平技术是帮助进行古地形、古地貌分析的一种有效手段。地震属性的数量不断增加,新添的属性如分频属性、级联属性等;地震属性研究进展可概括为八个方面;目前的研究前沿主要集中在叠前深度域和弹性波。相干体技术已从第一代基于互相关的算法发展到第三代基于特征值计算的算法。虚拟现实系统的出现是三维可视化技术最新的具有质的发展意义的一次飞跃,代表了三维可视化技术的最新进展。地震反演技术的突出进展主要表现在四个方面:由单一曲线反演发展到多曲线联合反演、由基于振幅反演发展到基于地震多属性反演、由构造层序控制发展到层序地层控制、由叠后反演发展到叠前—叠后联合反演。使用所述方法在四川盆地云安厂、黄龙场、罗家寨等地区取得了较好勘探效果。

Five major geophysical methods and the new related progress are mainly discussed, which include seis- mic facies recognition and palaeo-geomorpholog visualization interpretation and seismic inversion. restoration, seismic attribute analysis, coherence calculation, 3-D Reef seismic facies can be summarized to seven types. Horizon flattening technique is helpful to palaeo-geomorphology restoration. The number of seismic attribute increases con- tinuously and the increasing attributes include frequency spectral decomposition and cascade attribute etc. The re- search progress of seismic attribute can be summarized to 8 aspects. The leading research foreland mainly focuses on pre-stack depth domain and elastic wave. The coherence technique has developed from generation- I that is based on cross-correlation calculation to generation- II that is based on characteristic value calculation. The virtual reality system is the most significant developing stage of 3-D visualization, which represents the recent progress of it. The prominent progress of seismic inversion is mainly expressed in 4 aspects： （1） from single log inversion to mul- ti-logs combined inversion, （2） from basing on amplitude to basing on seismic attributes inversion, （3） from structural stratum control to sequence stratum control, and （4） from post-stack inversion to pre-stack and post-stack union inversion. Good exploration results have been achieved in application of these geophysical methods to Yun＇anchang, Huanglongchang and Luojiazhai oilfield areas, Sichuan Basin.