论量刑听证程序的价值与功能——以美国法为范例的考察

On the Values and Functions of the Sentencing Hearing Procedures——With the U.S. Law as an Example of the Study

美国实行定罪与量刑程序分离模式,独立的量刑听证程序包括听证前的社会调查程序和法庭上的量刑听证程序。独立的量刑听证程序通过多方参与,不仅使量刑程序更加符合程序正义的要求。而且通过让法官接触更多、更全面的量刑信息,促进实体公正。此外,如果将量刑上诉、申诉等因素考虑在内,那么量刑听证程序不仅不会降低诉讼效率,反而会提高综合效率。从功能的角度分析,独立的量刑听证程序能够有效地限制法官量刑裁量权,保障被害人的有效参与,拓展辩护空间,扩大检察机关的作用空间,促进量刑程序的公开和透明等。

In the United States, the conviction and sentencing procedure were separated, and the independent sentencing heating procedures include pre-hearing procedures （ the procedure of the social survey） and the court sentencing hearings. Through the involvement of multi-parties, a separate sentencing hearing procedure can not only make the sentencing procedure more in line with the requirements of procedural justice; but also promote substantive justice by making the judge access to more and more comprehensive sentencing information; and additionally, if we take the factors such as sentencing errors, sentencing appeals, sentencing complaints, petitions into account, then the sentencing hearing procedure will not reduce, but increase the overall efficiency. From the analysis perspective of function, an independent sentencing hearing procedures can effectively limit the sentencing discretion of judges; protect the effective participation of victims; expand the defense space of lawyers; expand the role of prosecutors; promote the openness and transparency of sentencing procedures.