2003至2007年昆明地区儿童肺炎支原体感染流行病学研究

Epidemiological analyses of children with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in kunming region between 2003 and 2007

目的了解昆明地区5年中儿童肺炎支原体（MP）感染状况及MP病原流行病学特点。方法对2003年1月至2007年12月我院收治的急性下呼吸道感染（ALRI）住院患儿采用间接免疫荧光法测定血清中MP-IgM抗体；分析儿童MP感染的年龄、性别分布特点，对5年监测结果进行流行病学调查。结果2003至2007年昆明地区ALRI儿童MP感染率分别为20．9％、14．3％、17．5％、15．7％、19．5％，感染率各年问比较存在显著性差异（P〈0．01）。各年龄组MP感染率分别为-1岁10．7％、-3岁20．5％、-6岁21．5％、-14岁21．7％，婴儿组低于其他年龄组；女性MP感染率高于男性；儿童MP感染存在年龄、性别差异性。流行病学调查结果表明，昆明地区2003年、2007年MP感染率高于其他年份，不同年份MP感染率比较差异存在显著性（P〈0．01）。2003年4至9月、2007年7至12月出现MP感染流行趋势。5年间夏、秋、冬不同季节MP感染率差异存在显著性（P〈0．01）。除2005年外，每年中不同季节MP感染率均存在季节差异性。结论MP是昆明地区1岁以上儿童ALRI的重要病原，病原流行无季节规律，5年间出现两次流行趋势。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of children infected by mycoplasma pneumoniae（MP） over the last five years in Kunming region. Methods Indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to detect blood MP-IgM of hospitalized patients from January 2003 to December 2007 in order to determine the age and gender distribution characteristics of MP infection and to investigate the epidemiological features of the five years＇ results. Results Infection incidences by MP in Kunming region over the last five years were 20. 9% ,14. 3% ,17.5% ,15. 7% and 19.5% ,respectively. Statistical significance was found among the groups mentioned above （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. The MP infection incidences in different age groups were 10. 7% （ - 1 year old） ,20. 5% （ -3 years＇ old） ,21.5% （-6 years＇ old）and 21.7% （ - 14 years＇ old）. MP infection incidences showed age and gender characteristics（ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Infants showed lower MP infection incidence and infection incidence was higher in female. The epidemiological investigation indicated that MP infection incidences varied from year to year（ P 〈 0. 01 ）. The infection incidences of 2003 and 2007 by MP were higher than those of the other years. There were epidemiological differences in infection incidences by MP over last five years （ summer, autumn and winter）. The MP infection incidences showed seasonal differences （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the main local causative agent responsi- ble for respiratory tract infection in children aged under one years＇ old in Kunming region. Over the last five years, there were two outbreaks in the local area, but with no seasonal regularity of epidemiology.