绿化植物废弃物和污泥的堆肥特性研究

Compost characteristics with greenning plant waste and sewage sludge

绿化植物废弃物和污泥不同比例的堆肥实验显示其质量比为5∶4时堆肥升温快,高温持续时间最长;全碳和全氮含量在堆肥14 d后都有明显的降低;NO3--N的含量变化不大;NH4+-N的含量降低;堆肥的富里酸(FA)快速降低,胡敏酸(HA)先略有降低,然后快速增加;而种子发芽指数在14 d后均超过了0.8;最终腐殖质化参数(HI)为2.71,腐殖化速率(HR)为14.87%,CFA/CO=10.8;重金属的含量符合相关堆肥标准要求。绿化植物废弃物的高木质素含量决定了C/N、T值(终点C/N)/(初始C/N)、NH4+-N/NO3--N不宜作为其腐熟评价指标,但温度、NO3--N和NH4+-N、腐殖化参数、种子发芽指数可作为绿化植物废弃物和污泥混合堆肥的腐熟评价指标。绿化植物废弃物和污泥混合堆肥效果取决于污泥的添加量,含水量高的污泥用量过多会影响堆肥效果。绿化植物废弃物和污泥综合利用对控制堆肥质量,提高废弃物综合利用,促进城市节能减排有重要意义。

Compost with different amount of greenning plant waste and sewage sludge was studied. The result showed that the temperature of greenning plant waste compost promotes soon and persists on high temperatue for long time. The total organic carbon and total nitrogen decreased remarkably after 14 days, but the nitrate nitrogen （NO3^- -N） changed a little. The amount of ammonia nitrogen （ NH4^＋ -N） decreased, fulvic acids decreases sharply, humic acids reduced first and increases fleetly. After 14 days of compost, the seed radish and greens germination indexed （GI） all surpasses 0. 8. Lastly, the humifieation index （HI） was 2. 71 larger than 1.9. The humifieaion rate （HR） was 14. 87%. The amount of heavy medal meets the quality of some relative standards. For the high rate of lignin, the indexed such as the rate of C/N, T value, rate of NH4^＋ -N/NO3^- -N were not suitable to evaluate the compost maturity but except for temperature, the amount of NH4^＋ -N and NO3^- -N, humification index （HI） and germination indexed （GI） . The compost with greenning plant waste and sewage sludge could get good quality. But the result depended on the amount of sewage sludge. Using more sewage sludge with high moisture, it should affect the eomposting quality. Composting with greenning plant waste and sewage sludge was very useful and important for controlling composting quality, improving the integrated utilization of waste and energy saving and pollutant reduction.