新生鼠部分输尿管梗阻建立及梗阻解除的动物模型制作

Animal model establishment of partial ureteral obstruction(PUO) in neonatal rat and its model of PUO relief

目的探索新生鼠部分输尿管梗阻建立及梗阻解除的动物模型制作,为临床小儿肾积水的研究提供可靠的动物模型。方法生后48h内新生Wistar鼠72只,随机分为6组,每组12只,选择1组行假手术,作为对照组,余各组用腰大肌压迫法制作左侧部分输尿管梗阻性(PUO)肾积水模型,再随机分为组2～组6,作为模型组。3周后解除梗阻,术中观察梗阻肾体积是否增大,皮试针穿刺证实肾盂是否积水。组2梗阻解除后即处死,余各组分别于梗阻解除后第2、6、8、12周处死。实验动物处死后,切取肾脏行病理学检查。结果大体观察:梗阻侧输尿管上段增粗,肾盂扩张积水,梗阻肾外观体积较对侧肾脏及对照组同侧肾脏增大;对侧肾脏体积又较对照组同侧肾脏体积大。镜下观察:梗阻肾皮质变薄,肾单位减少,肾小球萎缩变形,肾小管扩张,出现肾间质纤维化;对侧肾脏肾单位较对照组增多,余形态学无异常改变。随梗阻解除时间延长,病肾肾小球及肾小管结构逐渐恢复,正常形态肾小球数目增多,肾间质纤维化逐渐减轻。结论本动物模型成功模拟了小儿肾积水梗阻解除前后的病理改变,可作为临床研究小儿肾积水的理想动物模型。

Objective To explore an ideal animal model of partial ureteral obstruction （PUO） in neonatal rat and its model of PUO relief for provided the reliable animal models in the investigation of preferably congenital hydronephrosis in children. Methods 72 wistar rat which were born in 48 hours were randomly divided into 6 groups and there were 12 rats each group. Group 1 was sham-operated as control group. The other groups were made PUO model by using psoas muscles compression left ureter. Then 60 rats were randomly divided groups2-5. To observe volume of hydronephrotic kidneys （HnK） whether there were aggrandizement and puncture the renal pelvis using cutantest-pin whether there was hydronephrosis while PUO was removed after 3 weeks obstruction. Group 2 were instantly sacrificed after relief of PUO and the rest group were respectively put to death 2,6,8,12 weeks after PUO relief. At the same time, to cut nephridial tissue to make pathology examination. Results Macroscopic observation was shown that the volume of HnK was larger than that of contralateral kidneys which was slightly larger than the volume of the ipsilateral kidney in control group. And upper ureter of HnK is aggrandizement and its, pyelectasis filling. Microscope observation were shown that there were manys changes which thinning cortex of kidney, decreasing nephron, deforming atrophic glomerulus, tubular ectasia and renal interstitial fibrosis had taken place in HnK. Whereas there was no abnormal morphological changes in contralateral kidney except the number of nephron in contralateral kidney was more than in the control group with prolongation of obstruction relief, the impaired histol ogy of glomerulus and tubular in HnK recovered gradually and number of normal glomerulus were increasing and renal interstitial fibrosis had also been alleviated. Conclusion The animal model of PUO and PUO relief simulated successfully pathological change of hydronephrosis in children and may be an ideal animal model for clinical study preferably congenital hydronephrosis in children.