用于中国古代玉器质地鉴测和溯源中的无损分析方法

The Non-destructive Analytical Methods Applied to Discrimination of the Mineral Phase and Provenance of Chinese Ancient Jade Artifacts

外束质子激发X射线荧光分析法(PIXE)、X射线衍射法(XRD)和激光拉曼光谱技术(LRS)是应用于科技考古研究中的三种无损分析技术,可广泛应用于中国古代整件玉器的无损伤研究.首先介绍了三种无损分析方法的原理、进展和应用,并对透闪石-阳起石型、蛇纹石型、长石型、青金石和绿松石这五种常见玉石进行了无损测试.在此基础上对出土于河南安阳市殷墟和浙江余杭良渚遗址群的156件完整玉器进行了成分、矿相和结构的无损测试,初步研讨了它们的质地和来源.

The proton induced X--ray emission （PIXE）, the X--ray diffraction （XRD） and the laser Raman spectroscopy techniques （LRS） are three essential non--destructive methods in the field of archaeometry. These methods could be widely applied in the research of the whole Chinese ancient jade artifacts. Firstly, the principles of the three non--destructive analytical methods and the new research progress in this field are reviewed. Secondly, the analytical results of five familiar jades including tremolite--actinolite, serpentine, anorthite, turquoise and lapis lazuli are summarized respectively. We determined the chemical composition, mineral phase and structure of 156 Chinese ancient jade artifacts which were excavated from Liangzhu Site of Zhejiang Province and Yinxu Site of Anyang in Henan Province non--destructively. These results were compared with those of the jade samples in China. The mineral phase and provenance of these Chinese ancient jade artifacts are discussed preliminary.