纳米铝粉对硝胺炸药热分解催化性能的影响

Effects of Nano-Al powder on the Thermal Decomposition Catalytic Performance of Nitroamine Explosives

采用直流电弧等离子体蒸发法制备了高纯度的纳米铝粉,并用比表面积分析仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品进行了表征。将纳米铝粉与硝胺炸药HMX和RDX用研磨混合法制成混合粒子,用DSC对单质HMX和RDX炸药以及纳米铝粉/硝胺炸药混合物进行催化特性测试,并对样品的热分解动力学和热力学参数进行了计算和对比。结果表明,加入纳米铝粉后,HMX和RDX在不同升温速率(2、5、10、20K/min)下的放热峰峰温降低,活化能分别降低15和16kJ/mol,热力学参数都有明显变化。纳米铝粉对HMX和RDX有明显的热分解催化作用。

The high purity nano-Al powder were prepared by DC arc plasma evaporation method. Specific surface area analyzer （BET）and scanning electron microscope （SEM） were employed to characterize the samples. The mixtures of nano-Al powder and nitroamine explosive were prepared by mixed grinding method and DSC experiments were used to characterize their catalytic performance. Meanwhile, the thermal decomposition kinetics and thermodynamics parameters of samples were calculated and compared. Results show that the peak temperatures of HMX and RDX decrease at different heating rates of 2,5,10 and 20K/min after the addition of nano-Al power; the activation energy decrease by 15kJ/mol and 16kJ/mol. The obvious changes also have been found in the thermodynamics parameters. Nano-Al powder has distinct catalytic performance for the thermal decomposition of HMX and RDX.