儿童肘关节损伤致肘内翻畸形机制探讨

Exploring the mechanism of children elbow joint injury led to elbow varus

目的:探讨儿童肘关节损伤导致肘内翻的原因和机制。方法:回顾性研究2005年1月至2008年4月儿童骨科因肘部损伤致肘内翻畸形患儿100例,男54例,女46例;年龄7～16岁,平均9.7岁。提取全部病例连续12～18个月,平均15个月肘关节正侧位片,观察骨折后的X线片,分析肘内翻的成因。结果:造成肘内翻的原因有:骨骺发育异常、生长不平衡所致肘内翻畸形81例(占81%),其中肱骨髁上骨折47例、肱骨远端全骺分离16例、肱骨外髁骨折11例、肱骨内髁骨折7例;骨折移位远端尺侧倾斜、旋转、尺侧骨皮质挤压塌陷等原因致肘内翻畸形19例(占19%),其中肱骨髁上骨折11例、肱骨远端全骺分离2例、肱骨外髁骨折5例、肱骨内髁骨折1例。结论:儿童肘内翻形成主要有两种因素:一是骨折后导致骨骺发育异常,内外侧骨骺生长不平衡,此为主要成因;另一种是骨折远端尺侧倾斜、骨折远端旋转、尺侧骨皮质挤压塌陷等骨折移位为次要原因。

Objective ： To explore the causes and mechanisms of children elbow joint injury led to elbow varus. Methods ： One hundred children with elbow varus causded by elbow joint injuries were retrospectively studied during January 2005 to April 2008 in department of child orthopedics involving 54 males and 46 females with an average age of 9.7 years old ranging from 7 to 16 years. The anterior-posterior and lateral position X-ray films of elbow joint continuous 12 to 18 months （means 15 months） of all the cases were collected.The postoperative X-ray films were observed to analyze the cause of elbow varus. Resuits ：There were 81 cases caused by epiphyseal dysplasia,growth imbalance,inleuded 47 cases of humeral supracondylar fractures, 16 cases of entire epiphysis separation of distal humerus, 11 cases of humeral lateral condyle fractures,7 cases of humeral medial condyle fractures. There were 19 cases caused by ulna drift and rotation of the distal fracture end,the ulnaris cortibal bone crushing and collapse involving 11 of humeral supracondylar fractures, 2 of entire epiphysis separation of distal humerus, 5 of humeral lateral condyle fractures, 1 of humeral medial condyle fractures. Conclusion： There are two main factors of formation for the children elbow varus deformity ： the main causes is epiphysial dysplasia after fracture and imbalance growth of epiphysis ; the secondary reasons is ulnar inclination of the distal fracture, rotation of the distal fracture, fracture shift such as ulnar bone cortical extrusion collapse.