畜禽粪便堆肥过程中氮素的损失与控制

Nitrogen loss and its control during livestock manure composting

堆肥是实现畜禽粪便处理及资源化利用的有效途径,然而畜禽粪便堆肥过程中氮素损失较严重,对氮素损失与控制的研究可为有效控制氮素损失提供理论基础和实践参考.本文简述了畜禽粪便堆肥过程中氮素转化及主要损失途径,总结了影响堆肥氮素损失的主要因素(包括堆肥物料初始特性、堆肥环境参数和堆肥工艺条件),并综述了氮素损失控制措施(调节C、N代谢,改变氮素形态,添加NH3吸附剂和调节通风与控温措施)的研究进展,此外,对未来的研究方向进行了展望.

Composting is an effective way to realize livestock manure treatment and recycling.However,the nitrogen loss during manure composting is relatively serious.Studies on this nitrogen loss and its control could provide theoretic basis and practical reference for efficient nitrogen loss control.This paper described the nitrogen transformation and the main nitrogen loss ways during the composting,and summarized the main factors （including raw material characteristics,environment factors,and technological conditions） affecting the nitrogen loss in the composting.In addition,the research progress in the nitrogen loss control,including adjusting carbon and nitrogen metabolism,changing nitrogen form,adding ammonia adsorbent,and controlling pile aeration and temperature,was reviewed,and the prospects for future research were presented.