埃塞俄比亚的中央高地房屋建筑木材消费和树种偏好-提高树木种植的意义(英文)

Consumption and species preference for house construction wood in central highlands of Ethiopia–implications for enhancing tree growing

2008年间在埃塞俄比亚高原调查房屋建筑木材消费和树种偏好情况,以及森林产品建设的策略和未来利用的可能性。对36座农家住户其中包括24座铁皮屋顶的房子和28座茅草盖顶的房子为对象进行调查,研究建筑木材的种类、材积和来源。结果表明,平均一座房屋的每57m2地面空间面积需消耗木材13.7m3。地面空间面积和木材消耗量的变化随房屋种类而变化。平均一座铁皮屋顶的房屋的每51.9m2地面空间面积需消耗木材16.8m3,平均一座茅草盖顶的屋顶每28.6 m2地面空间面积需消耗木材3.2 m3。家庭和地面空间面积的大小是影响建筑木材消耗的主要因素。平均一座住房需消耗木材种类分别为,9.3%非洲铅笔柏(Juniperusprocera)、5.6%墨西哥落羽杉(Cupressus lusitanica)、29.2%蓝桉(Eucalyptusglobulus)和26%赤桉(Eucalyptus camaldulensis)。由非洲铅笔柏(Juniperusprocera),墨西哥落羽杉和蓝桉来源的木材被限制。因此,目前木材短缺大约为59.5%。建议改进树木的种植方法来提高木材量,同时可研制土壤砖当作建筑材料的替代品。

A study was conducted in central Ethiopian highland in 2008 to investigate the consumption of house construction wood, the tree species preference for construction wood and the forthcoming conditions of this forest product and possible strategies for future availability. Twenty-four iron-roofed houses and twenty-eight thatch-roofed houses belonging to thirty-six farm households were investigated for types, volumes and sources of construction wood used. It was found that an average farmhouse with a floor space of 57 m^2 consumed about 13.7 m^3 of wood. Both floor space and wood consumptions vary with house types An average iron-roofed house with floor space of 51.9 m^2 consumed 16.8 m^3 of wood and an average thatch-roofed house with mean floor space of 28.6 m^2 consumed 3.2 m^3 of wood. Family size and floor space were the major factors influencing construction wood consumption. An average living house was composed of woods of 39.3% ,luniperus procera, 5.6% Cupressus lusitanica, 29.2% Eucalyptus globulus and 26% Eucalyptus camaldulensis. The wood volume from the first two species and half that of the third species were obtained from state forest which is currently banned from any construction wood extraction and hence there is a shortage of around 59.5% of woods. We suggest the promotion of various tree planting approaches to increase the wood supply and the use of alternative local materials like soil bricks for house construction.