一战后日本亚太战略的中国因素分析——以日本《帝国国防方针》的修改为线索

The Factor of China in Japan's Asia-Pacific Strategy after the First World War

日本乘一战之机,在以中国大陆为中心的南、北两个方向上,初步实施了其对亚太地区的扩张战略。但一战后的华盛顿体制全面否认了日本的在华"优势地位"和"特殊利益",并对以后日本的扩张施以种种限制。为摆脱国际压力,日本于1923年对《帝国国防方针》进行了第二次修改,明确提出了将美国作为其军备的目标,同时,也要保持对中国的威慑。但实际上,中国始终是日本所认定的首要攻击目标。即使是对美俄作战,也必须要先征服中国,以获得战争的资源和作战基地,提高战争能力。为此,1926年,日本制定了更为具体的对华作战计划。

Taking the advantage of the First World War, Japan carried out expansionist strategy to Asia- Pacific region, with China as the center target. After the First World War, Japan was deprived of the special rights in China and restricted its expansion because of the Washington System. Japan revised ＂The Empire＇s National Defense Policy＂ for the second time in 1923 to get rid of international pressure. At the same time, it put forward that America was its target of armament and China was under its con- trol. In fact, from beginning to end Japan regarded China as its main target for the purpose of gaining resources and improving combat capacity, even when it fought with America and Russia. So Japan made specific fighting strategy to China in 1926.