湖南杜鹃属植物种类及引种适应性初探

Study on the Species of Rhododendron L. and its Introducing Adaptability in Hunan

在对湖南杜鹃属植物的野外调查、资料收集、标本鉴定的基础上,对其在湖南省森林植物园的引种栽培适应性进行研究。湖南产杜鹃属植物57种1变种,隶属5亚属8组14亚组,其中映山红亚属数量最,多达21种,占36.21%;湖南省森林植物园引种保存湖南杜鹃属植物38种,其中杜鹃亚属2种、常绿杜鹃亚属11种、马银花亚属8种、羊踯躅亚属1种、映山红亚属16种。引种栽培效果表明:马银花亚属在引种栽培中适应性最强,8种均表现为优良;原生分布海拔低的物种适应性高于相对海拔高的物种。分析探讨湖南杜鹃属植物在长沙地区的适应性,提出杜鹃属植物异地保育和开发建议。

In this paper, based on open field survey, data collection and specimens identification of Rhododendron L. in Hunan, its adaptability in Hunan Forestry Botanical Garden was researched. The result is that 56 specieses, and ! variety is confirmed. These species belong to 5 sub-genera, 8 sections and 14 subsections. 21 specieses of the Rhododendron Subgenus Tsutsusi was account for 36.21% of the total Rhododendron species number of Hunan province. The introduction and cultivation of Rhododendron in Hunan Forestry Botanical Garden was started since 1999. About 38 species have been introduced. These species conclude 2 specieses of the Rhododendron Subgenus Rbododendro~ 11 specieses of Rhododendron Subgenus Hymenanthes, 8 specieses of Rhododendron Subgenus Azaleastmm, 1 species of Rhododendron Subgenus Pendantbera and 16 specieses of Rhododendron Subgenus Tsutsusi. The adaptability of Rhododendron Subgenus Azaleastrum is best which all are growing extremely well. The adaptability of Rhododendron introduced from lower climate zone is superior to that of high climate zone. Some advice on exploiting and protecting them are put forward.