刑法分则中罪状模式的比较分析和立法完善——兼与“既遂模式”论者商榷

Comparative Analysis and Lawmaking Perfection of Crime Patterns Mode in Criminal Law

对于需要处罚的未遂的故意犯罪,我国刑法分则通常以既遂为标本规定基本法定刑,但对于基本罪状的规定则既不同于意大利刑法明示的既遂模式,也不同于德、日刑法在逻辑上隐含的既遂模式,而是一种非既遂模式。这种法定刑上的既遂模式与罪状上的非既遂模式之间存在逻辑上的矛盾,也导致了学界对我国刑法分则中罪状模式的误解,并由此支撑着一个虚假的犯罪既遂理论。我国刑法分则规定应当借鉴意大利刑法的既遂模式,将犯罪的既遂要素明确规定在基本罪状中,并通过刑法分则的具体规定明确未完成行为的刑事可罚范围。

Generally, the Criminal Law in China provides fundamental statutory sentence on accomplished offense with regard to non-accomplished intentional crime which needs to be penalized, but the provisions of fundamental facts ab- out crime, which are different fi＇om the ostensive accomplishment offense mode of Criminal Law in Italy, and the crytic ac- complishment offense mode in logic of Criminal Law in Germany or Japan, are a kind of non-accomplishment offense mode. There exists logical contradiction between the accomplishment offense mode in statutory sentence and the non-ac- complishment offense mode in crime pattems, which leads to misunderstanding of crime pattems mode in Criminal Law in our country, and then supports a false theory of accomplished offense. The Criminal Law in our country should draw on the experience of the accomplishment offense mode of Criminal Law in Italy, provide the factors of accomplishment offense in fundamental crime patterns clearly, and make the range of criminal penalization in a non-accomplished offense clear and definite though specific provisions in Criminal Law.