民用建筑夏季热环境计算与实验研究

Calculation and Experimental Study on Thermal Environment of Civil Buildings in Summer

建筑热环境是评估建筑能耗的重要基础,而围护结构内表面温度和室内空气温度则对建筑能耗有着最直接的影响。本文建立了自然通风条件下围护结构与室内外环境进行热交换的理论模型,测量并计算了初夏某一天围护结构内表面温度和室内空气温度随时间的变化,其计算值与测量值变化规律基本一致。而后计算了夏至日该建筑围护结构内表面温度和室内空气温度,结果表明:夏季室内空气温度随着室外空气温度的变化而变化,且上午室内外空气的温差逐渐拉大,直到14:00左右才开始缩小;夏至日上午围护结构内表面温度变化比较平缓,下午则呈现较明显的上升趋势,直到16:00温度才趋于平缓;除了屋顶外,同一时刻各围护结构内表面之间的温差较小,围护结构内表面温度低于室内空气温度,建筑围护结构对室内空气起到一定的冷却作用。

Building thermal environment is the important foundation to evaluate the building energy consumption. Moreover,the inner surface temperature of envelope and indoor air temperature have direct impacts on building energy consumption. In this paper,a theoretical model of heat exchange between envelope and indoor ＆ outdoor environment under natural ventilation condition was established ,and the temperature variation trend with time in early summer was calculated and measured. It was indicated that the measured values were in agreement with the calculated results. And then, the inner surface temperature of envelope and indoor air temperature on summer solstice were calculated, the results firstly indicated that the indoor air temperature in summer was changed with the variation of outdoor air temperature, the indoor and outdoor temperature difference in the morning became larger until 14： 00. Secondly, in the morning of summer solstice, the change of inner surface temperature of envelope was gentle, while in the afternoon, there was an obvious uptrend until 16：00. In addition, besides the roof, temperature differences of envelope inner surfaces were relatively small. Finally, the inner surface temperature of envelope was lower than the indoor air temperature, so the indoor air could be cooled to some extent.