小麦籽粒抗性淀粉含量的分析

Inheritance analysis of resistant starch content in kernels of wheat

选用3个抗性淀粉含量较高的小麦品种和3个抗性淀粉含量较低的小麦品种按Griffing双列杂交设计配置成15个杂交组合,以亲本及F1为材料进行了小麦籽粒抗性淀粉含量的遗传规律分析,旨在为高抗性淀粉含量且综合性状优良的新型保健小麦新品种(系)的选育提供理论依据。结果表明,在6个小麦品种中,安农90202和D68-20抗性淀粉含量的一般配合力较好,能显著地提高杂种后代籽粒抗性淀粉含量。安农90202×04单28和06-5×D68-20组合的特殊配合力最好,两者特殊配合力效应值显著地高于其他组合。小麦抗性淀粉含量的遗传符合加性-显性模型,显性程度为超显性。控制抗性淀粉含量的增效等位基因表现为隐性,且亲本中抗性淀粉含量的增减效等位基因的分布不平衡,高抗性淀粉含量的亲本中隐性基因数量多于显性基因数量。实验中安农90202和04单28控制抗性淀粉含量的隐性基因较多,而宁春18和新春5号含有的显性基因数量较多。同时研究发现小麦抗性淀粉含量的狭义遗传力中等,为36.49%。

In this study, three wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） cultivars with high and low levels of resistant starch contents each were selected to obtain 15 F1 combinations from a diallel cross without reciprocals to be used to study the inheritance of resistant starch content. The results of this study are useful to select new wheat cultivar with high level of resistant starch content. Annong 90202 and D68-20 were the best among the wheat cultivars tested for general combining ability of resistant starch content, which significantly increased the resistant starch content in its progenies. The specific combining ability of Annong 90202 × 04 Dan 28 and 06-5 × D68-20 were the best among the F1 combinations, and the values of specific combining ability effects were significantly higher than other combinations. The inheritance of resistant starch content fitted the additive-dominance model, and the degree of dominance was super dominance. The alleles for increasing resistant starch content were recessive. The distribution of alleles for increasing and reducing resistant starch contents in the parental lines was not even. The number of recessive alleles for resistant starch content was greater than the dominant alleles. Annong 90202 and 04 Dan 28 had more recessive genes controlling resistant starch content, while Ningchun 18 and Xinchun 5 had more dominant genes. The narrow sense heritability of resistant starch content was 36.49%.