黑龙江黑河段水域藻类植物群落结构及其环境相关性的初步分析

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ALGAE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENT IN HEILONGJIANG RIVER AT HEIHE

于2006—2007年5—10月间在黑龙江黑河段水域设置了六个采集点,同时进行藻类植物调查,经鉴定共发现藻类植物146个分类单位,包括110种31变种5变型,分别隶属于5门7纲15目31科57属。对藻类植物的种类组成、优势度变化及其环境相关性进行了初步分析,结果表明,黑龙江黑河江段藻类植物的群落组成表现出种类多样性丰富,群落结构复杂的特征;各采集点的藻类植物大多为淡水普生种类,有一些属于寡盐种类,中性偏弱碱性种类,还出现了一些冷水种和山区特有的种类,这些种类的出现与黑龙江黑河江段属于明显的高寒山区性河段这一地域特征相吻合。藻类植物的分布与环境因子有一定的相关性,黑龙江黑河江段pH值变化呈中性偏弱碱性,pH值年内变化趋势不明显(6.7—7.4之间),水域水温的季节变化差异显著(P<0.01),呈现夏季高,春季和秋季低的现象。藻类植物的个体丰度变化受水温变化的影响显著,其分布也呈现明显的季节变化趋势。从优势种群看,黑龙江黑河段水域的藻类植物主要为贫至中营养型水体的指示种类,只在个别采样点出现少量的耐污种类,但并无向富营养化转变的趋势,说明黑龙江黑河江段整体水域环境目前无显著污染,处于贫至中营养状态。

Algae assemblages in Heilongjiang River （Amur River） at Heihe of China were investigated in sampling six stations in May to October, 2006--2007. A total of 146 algae taxa were identified, belonging to 5 phyla, 7 classes, 15 orders, 31 families, 57 genera, 110 species, 31 varieties and 5 forms. Algae community, dominant species and their relationship with environmental variables were examined. Species diversity and community composition varied strongly in the area. Most of them were cosmopolitan species; others included oligohalobic, neutral, alkalescent, some cold water ones, and several mountainous endemics. Significant correlation existed between algae and ambient factors. Among the factors, water temperature is the most influential one on the diversity and abundance of the species, but the water pH as it varied slightly 6.7--7.4 in the area. In trophical status, oligosaprobic to mesosaprobic varieties dominated, with few eutrophic members, indicating that the river water quality was satisfactory in overall by the time of research.