博尔塔拉河、精河流域绿洲土壤异质性及其驱动力研究

Soil Heterogeneity and Its Driving Factors in Bohe and Jinghe Watershed,Xinjiang

博尔塔拉河、精河流域绿洲频繁的人类活动严重影响了当地生态环境和社会经济发展。首先对博尔塔拉河、精河流域绿洲土壤的理化性状进行了分析,内容包括pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾及水溶性盐分,结果表明土壤肥力整体水平并不高,并且较20年前普遍有所下降。之后,用Kriging进行插值,对研究区土壤综合肥力分布的规律进行了研究,结果表明东南方向上土壤的综合肥力较高,西北方向上土壤的综合肥力较低。最后利用灰色方法找寻了导致研究区土壤异质性的驱动因子,年蒸发量与灾害性天气日数是首要的自然驱动力,耕地面积和化肥施用量则是主要人文驱动力,并且以人文因素驱动作用占主导,为该区生态环境恢复和重建提供了参考。

The increase of human activities in Bohe and Jinghe Watershed has severely affected the local eco-environment and social development.Firstly,the soil physical-chemical properties were analyzed,including pH values,nutrients,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,rapidly-available-K and salt contents.It was found that soil fertility was lower than that of 20 years ago,because of larger soil particles,lower soil organic matters and higher level alkaline.Then,the rule of soil fertility was given based on Kriging interpolation and found that the soil fertility in SE was better than thatin NW.Finally,the driving factors of soil heterogeneity based on grey correlation was analyzed and found that cultivated land and chemical fertilizer wastage were the main human factors.Simultaneously,the evaporation and disaster weather were the main natural factors.Soil heterogeneity was due to many factors,but the human factor was primary.The research conclusion could be helpful for recovering and rehabilitating the eco-environment in Bohe and Jinghe Watershed,Xinjiang.