不同施钾量对砂质潮土冬小麦产量、钾效率及土壤钾素平衡的影响

Effects of Different Potassium Fertilizer Application Rates on Yield,K-efficiency of Winter Wheat and Soil Available K Balance in Sandy Chao Soil

在砂质潮土上通过田间试验研究了不同施钾量对冬小麦产量、钾素积累量、钾效率和土壤钾素平衡的影响,结果表明:砂质潮土施用钾肥能明显提高冬小麦产量,增产率为7.9%～27.7%;冬小麦植株钾素积累量随施钾量的增加而增加,拔节到灌浆期植株钾积累量增加较多;钾生理效率、钾素吸收效率、钾肥效率和钾肥当季回收率均随施钾量的增加而减少,钾效率和钾收获指数则呈先增后减趋势,以施K2O150kghm-2最佳;钾肥用量应达到K2O150kghm-2以上才能维持土壤钾素肥力;从钾肥增产增收效应、钾效率、土壤钾素平衡等多方面综合考虑,以施钾量150kghm-2效果最好,与不施钾处理相比可增产1462.2kghm-2,K2O每kg增产8.25kg,增收1069元hm-2,钾肥当季回收率为41.6%,并实现土壤速效钾的平衡。

Field plot experiment was used to study the effect of potassium fertilizer application on the yield,quality of winter wheat and soil K balance in the sandy Chao soil in Henan Province.The results showed that potassium fertilizer increased evidently the yield of winter wheat,the increases rate was 7.9%-27.7%.The plant K accumulation enhanced with the increase of potassium fertilizer rate,and it was larger from Jointing stage to Filling stage.The K plant efficiency,K utilizing plant efficiency,Potassium fertilizer efficiency and Potassium fertilizer recovery rate showed descendant trend with the increase of potassium fertilizer rate.But the K utilizing efficiency and K harvest index showed ascendant firstly then descendant trend,the K 2 treatment was optimal.To keep the soil available K balance,the potassium fertilizer rate should be above 150 kg hm^-2 at least.Take considering of the higher yield,profit,fertilizer recovery rate and soil K balance as a whole,the treatment with 150 kg hm^-2 of K 2 O application was optimal with total increment of 1462.2 kg hm^-2 of yield and 1069 yuan hm^-2 of profit increment,and with 8.25 kg yield per kg K 2 O,with potassium fertilizer recovery rate of 41.6%,and with the soil available K balance.