卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区鹅喉羚生境适宜性评价

Habitat suitability assessment of Gazella subgutturosa in Kalamaili Mountain Nature Reserve

在卡拉麦里山保护区内选取具有代表性的研究样区约1447km2作为评价区,基于2005年以来对卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区鹅喉羚野外调查和样方采集,利用模糊赋值法建立生境评价模型,结合GIS技术的空间分析功能,以植被类型、坡度、坡向和人类干扰活动为评价因子进行生境适宜性研究。结果表明:春、夏、秋、冬四季实际生境面积分别为1146.9km2、1137.1km2、991.6km2和499.8km2,分别占研究区域总面积的79.3%、78.6%、68.5%和34.5%;其中适宜生境面积分别为304.1km2、599.4km2、303.6km2和56.2km2,分别占研究区域总面积的21.0%、41.4%、21.0%和3.9%。人类活动影响下,一些潜在生境转变为不适宜生境,春、夏、秋、冬四季生境分别丧失4.0%、3.1%、4.3%和48.5%。在各种人类活动中,居民点、国道、采矿点对鹅喉羚生境具有一定的干扰作用,使其质量有所降低,但未造成严重影响;而冬季牧民的放牧行为,导致鹅喉羚的适宜生境被家畜占据,鹅喉羚生境质量大面积下降。本文基于评价结果提出了保护措施。

We selected a representative region of about 1 447 km2 for an assessment area in the Kalamaili Mountain Nature Reserve. Based on the data obtained from field surveys of Goitred gazelle（Gazella subgutturosa）in Kalamaili Mountain Nature Reserve since 2005, we used the habitat evaluation model and Geographic Information System （GIS） to assessed suitability of the habitat for Goitred gazelle. Vegetation types,slope,aspect, and human activities were selected as factors for habitat suitability assessment. The results showed that the area of actual habitats was 1 146.9 km2,1 137.1 km2,991.6 km2 and 499.8 km2 respectively during four seasons;accounting for 79.3%, 78.6%, 68.5% and 34.5% of the total assessment area. The area of the suitable actual habitats for Gazella subgutturosa was 304.1 km2, 599.4 km2, 303.6 km2 and 56.2 km2 respectively in the four seasons; accounting for 21.0%, 41.4%, 21.0% and 3.9% of the total assessment area. Some potential habitat has been transformed into unsuitable habitat. The habitat lost is 3.9%, 3.1%, 4.3% and 48.5% during the four seasons. Among human interferences, residential areas, a national highway and mining affect the habitat,but have little impact. In winter, suitable habitat for gazelle was occupied by livestock,which leads to a decline in the quality of habitat in the large area. Based on evaluation results, this paper also put forward measures to protect them.