东北地区狍种群的遗传多样性研究

Population genetic diversity of roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) in Northeastern China

狍为我国重要的经济动物,并且是国家一级保护动物东北虎的主要猎物之一。因此,深入了解狍各地理单元内种群的遗传变异,可以为我们制定保护管理策略提供依据,进而使珍稀濒危物种得到有效的保护和管理。本文对88个不同狍个体(来自8个不同地点)的线粒体DNA控制区的部分序列进行了测定和群体分析,获得了463bp的片断,并检测到59个变异位点,占分析长度的7.84%,且这59个变异位点皆为碱基置换,未出现碱基插入或缺失的现象,定义了30种单倍型,核苷酸多样性平均值为0.02641,种群总体遗传多样性较高。从Tajima’sD和FuandLi’sD值的估算结果来看,这8个狍种群相对于中性进化的歧异度并没有明显的偏离(P>0.1),没有明显的证据显示这8个狍种群间存在很强的平衡选择。30个单倍型整体上将东北狍种群分为3个亚群,分子变异分析表明3个亚群间基因流Nm均大于1,说明这3个狍亚群间存在着基因流。

Roe deer（Capreolus pygargus）are important economic animals in China and are one of the major sources of food for the Amur tiger. To design effective conservation strategies for roe deer, we investigated the genetic diversity and gene flow in eight roe deer populations by analyzing 463 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） control region in 88 individual deer sampled from Yingchun, Dongfanghong, Shuangfeng, Taipinggou, Xinqing, Zhanhe, Shengshan and Tuqiang（Table 1）. Fifty-nine variable sites and thirty haplotypes were identified. The roe deer exhibited high mtDNA diversity with haplotype diversity （H=0.967±0.007） and nucleotide diversity （π=2.641±0.02595）. Neither the estimate of Tajima’s D nor that of Fu and Li′s D deviated significantly from the neutral selection hypothesis （P 0.1） for all eight populations of deer, showing no evidence of strong selective sweeps or balancing selection（Table 2）. Based on the analysis of thirty haplotypes, the roe deer can be divided into three subpopulations （Figure 1）. Although there appears to be gene flow among the three subpopulations, these data indicate that the population of deer from Tuqiang is genetically distinct from the other population and is worthy of specific conservation efforts. We recommend that a breeding program be established for the Tuqiang population in the Great Khingan Mountains.