转型中国的治理新格局:一种类型学途径

The Emerging Governance Pattern of China in Transition:A Typological Approach

20世纪90年代以来,随着冷战的结束、市场经济的胜出以及福利国家的改革,世界范围内的政府再造运动如雨后春笋,方兴未艾。然而,应对全球化的政府再造运动却缺乏一致性和系统性的知识建构。借助于三元正态分布的隐喻,本文提出了一种多中心治理的制度框架;在其中,政治国家、市场经济和市民社会呈现出分工与协作的镶嵌性结构,也就是形成不同类型的法人治理结构。针对全国法人单位普查数据的因子分析表明,转型中国所表现出来的治理新格局可以由两个抽取的因子来解释,一个是市场经济朝向的制度变迁(政府与企业的分离),另一个是市民社会朝向的制度变迁(社群与事业的分离)。

With the end of Cold War, market economy prevailed, and welfare state reformed, reinventing government movements have gone worldwide ever since the 1990s. However, it lacks a systematic and consistent theoretical knowl- edge as far as reinventing government with respect to coping with globalization is concerned. By means of the metaphor of multivariate normal distribution, this paper puts forth an institutional framework of polycentric governance, in which political state, market economy and civil society demonstrate a structural interdependence of the functional division of la- bor and coordination, and then the formulation of alternative governance types. Empirically, the two - factor solution, resulted from factor analyzing of the first national census data of corporative entities, is able to elucidate the emerging governance pattern of China in transition, i.e. one factor shows institutional change in market - economy - oriented re- forms （ separation of government and enterprise）, and the other does institutional change in civil - society - oriented re- forms （separation of community and public institution）.