安徽省流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行趋势分析

Prevalent trend of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in Anhui province from 1951 to 2007.

目的了解安徽省流行性脑脊髓膜炎（简称流脑）流行特征以及近年来的变化情况,为制定预防控制策略及相关措施提供理论依据。方法通过疫情报告系统收集安徽省历年流脑疫情资料。结果1951-2007年安徽省共发生流脑病例799 387例,年平均发病率为28.90/10万,死亡41 337例,死亡率为1.49/10万,病死率为5.17%,流脑疫情呈现8-10年周期性波动的规律,期间出现3次大的流行疫情 2-4月份病例占83.23%,近20年1月份病例呈上升趋势。2000-2007年,〈15岁病例构成从78.94%下降到17.20%。2003年后出现C群流脑疫情,全省流脑疫情呈现小幅反弹现象。结论安徽省是流脑易发生地区,20世纪80年代后发病率持续下降,近几年发病率反弹 C群菌株成为流行优势菌株,流行季节有提前趋势,发病年龄高峰上移。

Objective To determine epidemiological characteristics of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis （ECM） in Anhui province and to provide information for developing public health intervention. Methods Data about patients with ECM were collected according to the National Disease Surveillance System. Results From 1951 to 2007, a total of 799 387 ECM cases were reported in Anhui province with an annual incidence rate of 28. 90 per 100 000 population. There were 41 337 death cases,and the mortality rate was 1.49 per 100 000 population and the case-fatality rate was 5.17%. Three epidemic outbreaks of ECM occurred during the period and the periodic epidemic occurred every 8 - 10 years. In the spring 2003, there were outbreaks of ECM caused by serogroup C in some local areas and the incidence of ECM in the province increased. ECM cases increased in winter （ starting in October or December） with the incidence peak in April to May. Conclusion ECM is a public health problem in Anhui province. The incidence of ECM decreased from the early of 1980s. Recently, serogroup C replaced serogroup A as the most predominant serogroup and the incidence of ECM substantially increased and the age distribution of the cases shifted from younger to older-age groups.