山西省土地覆盖时空变化特征及其驱动因子分析

Analysis on Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Land Cover Change and Driving Factors in Shanxi Province

以遥感与G IS为技术支撑,对山西省20世纪80年代到2005年的土地覆盖进行了动态监测,并分析了土地覆盖的变化特征及其驱动因子;监测表明,山西省土地覆盖时空变化特征:(1)变化数量:城镇建设用地和农村聚落面积增加显著,草地有所增加;旱地和水浇地减少明显,森林和河湖滩地略有减少。(2)变化速度:城镇建设用地增速迅猛,沼泽和农村聚落面积增速较快;河湖滩地减少速度最快,其次,是旱地和水浇地减少速度较快。(3)空间转换:以农田和聚落之间的转换为主,另外城镇建设用地的增加包括其扩展融入的农村聚落等;典型草地的增加主要来自旱地;灌丛减少主要是转变成典型草地,其次是转变成灌丛草地;河湖滩地减少主要是变为内陆水体,再是转变成水浇地。驱动力分析表明,区域自然因素相对稳定,对土地覆盖变化的影响较小,人口、经济、农业结构调整、政策和交通等是山西省土地覆盖变化的主要驱动力。山西省土地覆盖变化的总体特征与区域经济发展、产业布局及其工业化、城市化演变的特征基本一致。

Land cover of Shanxi Province had been monitored from 1980s to 2005. Based on remote sensing and GIS technique, analysis on spatial-temporal characteristics of land cover change and driving factors was implemented. Resuhs show that ： （ 1 ） Changing area ： Area of industrial and transportation land, rural settlement and a spot of grass land is increasing, on the other side, area of dry land, irrigable land, a spot forest land and bottom land etc is decreasing. （2）Changing speed： Land for urban construction had a very sharp increase slop, and the type which had second fast increase speed was marsh and rural settlement. The order of decrease speed from maximum to minimum is： bottom land, un-irrigated cropland and irrigated cropland. （3）Spatial conversion： The spatial conversion mostly occurred between cultivated land and settlements. Additionally, the increase of land for urban construction includes rural settlements which assimilated by urban expansion. The fraction of xerophilous grassland increase mainly converted from un-irrigated cropland, shrub forest mainly converted to xerophilous grassland, and bottom land mainly converted to water body. The natural environmental factors were stable, and were less important to the change of land cover. However, population, economic, regulating of agricultural structure, policy and transportation play fundamental roles to land cover change. The concurrent correlations analysis finds that： the most important driving factors to Shanxi Province land cover change are rapid economic development and accelerated urbanization process.