山地旅游研究进展与启示

Research Progress and Enlightenment of Mountain Tourism

为探讨山地旅游研究中存在的问题及发展方向,在参阅相关研究文献的基础上,分析了国内外山地旅游研究进展。从研究内容、研究结果等方面论述了国外山地旅游研究进展,按时间进展将国内山地旅游研究划分为三个阶段:起步阶段、发展阶段和深化阶段,每一阶段的研究方法、研究内容以及表现特征都有较大差异。从研究内容和研究方法两个方面分析了国内外山地旅游研究差异。从山地旅游发展及研究现状来看,今后山地旅游研究应创新和改进研究方法以及技术路线,加强旅游发展条件下的山地人地关系地域系统研究,研究新的要素在山地旅游发展中的作用过程和作用机制,加强不同时空尺度条件下的山地旅游发展特征、演化过程和演化规律研究。

Mountain tourism was an important approach for the development of mountain areas, and also was an important way for human to utilize the mountains. Mountain resorts have been developed for a long time in China, and there are also a lot of correlative studies. The systematic and fruitful research was deficiency when facing the problems that proposed by the development of mountain tourism in changing environment （climate changes and the development of socio-econo- my）. In order to explore the problems and development trend of mountain tourism research, this paper points out the major results of mountain tourism research based on the analysis of domestic and overseas related literatures. The overseas research focused on such aspects as related concepts, tourism impacts （economic impacts, environmental impacts and social-cultural impacts）, planning and management of destination, tourism market and tourists behavior, impacts of climate change on tourism, tourism community, and the evolution of destination, paid attention to study stakeholders＇ role in the mountain tourism development, research methods included questionnaire, interviews, statistical analysis, literature analysis, GIS application, etc. Domestic research began in the 1980s, the history was divided into three stages： starting stage, development stage and deepening stage, research methods and characteristics of each stage was given. Domestic research contents can be summarized as 10 areas but focused on resources and development, planning and management, tourism flow and market, environmental assessment and tourism impact which accounted for 80% of the total number of papers. Domestic studies focus on evaluation of destination development and the environmental problems but given little attention to the tourism stakeholders research. Compared with study fields and research methods between domestic and overseas, differences and similarities were given. Based on the condition of mountain tourism development and the research status, this article proposed that the following work of mountain tourism research should be accomplished in the future： enhancing research methodology and improving technical routes ; strengthening studies of mountain man-land relationship areal system under the conditions of tourism development; studying the action process and mechanism of new elements in the development of mountain tourism; and strengthening studies of development characteristics, evolution process and evolution mechanism of mountain tourism in different scales.