阳泉煤炭开采对区域植被影响范围的3S识别

Identifying the Mining Impact Range on the Vegetation of Yangquan Coal Mining Region by Using 3S Technology

通过遥感解译识别煤矿区矿地的空间分布，利用GIS的空间分析，以遥感植被指数为基础，对山西省阳泉市煤炭开采活动对矿区植被的影响范围进行了研究。结果表明，煤矿区周边的植被指数随着与矿区距离的增加而增大，增大的幅度与距离呈现对数曲线关系，并在400～500m的距离开始趋于稳定。从植被条件来看，阳泉地区煤炭开采活动的影响范围是在煤矿生产区边缘往外500m的空间区域。煤矿区的生态恢复和环境治理工作不应仅限于煤矿生产区，还应往外扩展至其对周边生态和环境产生强烈影响的空间范围。

Exploitation and utilization of coal resources make a tremendous contribution to the modernization of our society, but also bring serious ecological impacts, such as vegetation degradation, soil erosion and biodiversity loss, to the coal mining areas. Lots of studies have been done to solve the ecological problems in coal mining sites, but researches on the ecological impact range of coal mining activities have not yet been reported. In this paper, spatial distribution of coal mining sites in Yangquan mining area are identified based on remote sensing data. By taking remote sensing vegetation index as the characterization factor of the ecological condition, spatial analysis model is run to study the ecological impact range of coal mining activities to the surround- ing ecosystems. Results show that, as the distance from coal mining sites increases, the value of vegetation index raises, but the growth rate will decrease. There is a logarithmic curve of the relationship between the vegetation index value and the distance from coal mining sites. Vegetation index value starts to be steady when the distance from coal mining sites comes up to 400 - 500 m, which means vegetation resource more than 400 -500 m away from coal mining sites would not be strongly affected by coal exploitation. Comparing the changes of vegetation index at the same distance during different study periods, there is an evidently increasing trend of vegetation index value change at 400 - 500 m sub zone. The impact of coal exploitation to the vegetation 400 - 500 m away from coal mining sites is increasing. It gives us a sign that the impact range of coal exploitation might be growing with time. Judging from the vegetation condition, the ecological impact range of coal mining activities is 400 - 500 m away from the coal mining sites. To protect the eco- systems in coal mining areas, the ecological restoration and environmental improvement actions should not only be carried out within the coal mining sites, but also extend to the range that the ecosystem and environment is strongly affected.