清末练兵处的设立及其绩效与不足

Establishment and Performance of Training Bureau in Late Qing Dynasty

练兵处是清末新军编练的领导机关,它对清末军事变革作出了重要贡献,成为中国陆军近代化的重要一环。练兵处设立的原因主要在于两方面:一方面,清朝中央政府欲统一事权、统一规划,加强中央集权;另一方面,日俄战争后严峻的国际形势使清政府从军事层面考虑应对措施,以缓解危机。练兵处的设立,虽取得相应的成效,但由于其内部的角力和争斗以及中央练兵处和地方尖锐的矛盾,因而削弱了其绩效的发挥,并最终对清末政局的走向产生了深刻的影响。

Training Bureau was a leading body of new army training in the late Qing. It made a great contribution to military revolution then, and played an important role in modernization of Chinese land forces. The main reasons for its establishment are as follows： 1 ） to strengthen the power centralization with only one authority; 2） to ease the military crisis in the grim international situation after the Russo-Japanese war. The establishment of Training Bureau was a strong impetus to the late Qing~ military transformation into China~ modern army. However, the internal struggles and strives, as well as the conflicts between the central and the local weakened their performance. Thus, it eventually had no significant impact on the late Qing＇s political direction.