不同品种(系)海棠花粉生活力的比较测定

Comparison on Pollen Viability of Different Crabapple Varieties (Lines)

以不同海棠品种（系）为试材，研究了不同培养基成分、萌发温度及不同品种对海棠花粉生活力的影响。结果表明：10％蔗糖＋0．2％～0．3％硼酸＋1％琼脂的培养基适宜海棠花粉的萌发。早花海棠中花粉生活力高的是钻石，其次为雪球与红丽；中花海棠巾花粉生活力高的是优系1382，其次为5150与5076；晚花海棠中花粉生活力最高的是优系5332，其次为2310与5353。海棠花粉在室温（15—20℃）下生活力较高，2180、5353、钻石花粉适应性强，在4℃及30℃下仍能正常萌发。研究表明，钻石、雪球、红丽、1382、5150、5076、5332、2310、5353及2180等海棠品种花粉可满足苹果授粉需要。

The experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of medium components, germination temperature and different varieties（lines） on the erabapple pollen viability. The results showed that the optimum medium for germination of crabapple pollen was 10% sucrose ＋ 0.2% ~ 0.3% boric acid ＋ 1% agar. Among the early blossoming crabapple varieties, Zuanshi had the highest pollen viability, and then Xueqiu and Hongli. Among the middle flowering crabapple lines, the pollen viability of 1382 was the highest, and then 5150 and 5076, while that of 5332 was the highest among the late blooming lines, and then 2310 and 5353. The pollen viability was higher under 15 -20℃ ; the pollen of 2180, 5353 and Zuanshi had stronger adaptability and could germinate normally under 4℃ and 30℃. The research indicated that the pollen of Zuanshi, Xueqiu, Hongli, 1382, 5150, 5076, 5330, 2310, 5353 and 2180 were better for pollination of apple.