幼虫信息素中三种酯类对中华蜜蜂工蜂发育和采集行为的影响

Effects of three aliphatic esters of brood pheromone on development and foraging behavior of Apis cerana cerana workers

为研究中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana幼虫信息素中的3种酯类成分(甲基棕榈酸酯、乙基棕榈酸酯和乙基油酸酯)对其工蜂发育和采集行为的影响,取1日龄工蜂喂食不同食物,把喂食食物(炼糖)中添加0.1%或1%(w/w)某种酯类的工蜂组作为处理组,以喂食食物(炼糖)中不添加酯类(0%)的工蜂组作为对照组,然后测定7日龄、14日龄工蜂的卵巢发育和3,5,7,12,18和21日龄工蜂王浆腺的宽度,以及工蜂首次参加采集的日龄。结果表明:(1)在无王群中,甲基棕榈酸酯两处理组(1%,0.1%)的7日龄和14日龄工蜂卵巢发育率都显著低于对照组;在无王群中,0.1%乙基棕榈酸酯处理组的14日龄工蜂卵巢发育率极显著低于对照组;在有王群中,1%甲基棕榈酸酯处理组和乙基油酸酯两处理组的14日龄工蜂卵巢发育都显著低于对照组;(2)在有王群中,甲基棕榈酸酯两处理组的5日龄和7日龄工蜂王浆腺宽度显著大于对照组,12,18,21日龄工蜂王浆腺宽度极显著小于对照组;乙基油酸酯两处理组的7～21日龄工蜂王浆腺宽度显著小于对照组;(3)3种酯类,只有甲基棕榈酸酯处理组的工蜂首次采集日龄显著大于对照组。这些结果说明,不同蜜蜂幼虫信息素对中华蜜蜂工蜂发育和采集行为具有不同的生物学效应。

To study the effects of brood pheromone esters （three aliphatic esters,i.e.,methyl palmitate,ethyl palmitate and ethyl oleate ） on development and foraging behavior of Apis cerana cerana workers）,1 day-old workers were fed with different food,of which the treatment group workers were fed with food （candy） mixed with one of the aliphatic esters at 1% or 0.1% （w/w）,the control group workers were fed with food （candy） without any aliphatic ester then,the percentage of workers with developed ovary at two phases （7 and 14 day-old）,the width of hypopharnyngeal glands of workers at six phases （3,5,7,12,18 and 21 day-old） and the first foraging age were tested. The results showed that （1） At 7 and 14 day-old,the workers fed with methyl palmitate （1%,0.1%） with developed ovaries were less than the control group in queenless colony. At 14 day-old,the workers with developed ovaries treated with ethyl palmitate （0.1%） were significantly less than the control group in queenless colony. At 14 day-old,the workers fed with methyl palmitate （1%） and ethyl oleate （1%,0.1%） were both significantly less than the control group in queen-right colony. （2） At 5 and 7 day-old,the widths of hypopharnyngeal glands of workers tested with methyl palmitate （1%,0.1%） in queen-right colony were longer than the control group,while shorter than the control group at the later phases （12,18 and 21 day-old）. From 7 to 21 day-old,the hypopharnyngeal gland development of treated workers with ethyl oleate （1%,0.1%） was shorter than that of the control group. （3） Of the three aliphatic esters,only methyl palmitate exerted a stronger effect,causing a significant delay to first foraging age. The results suggest that different brood pheromones of honeybee have different biological effects on development and foraging behavior of Apis cerana cerana workers.