昆虫纲八个常见目肺结构的普遍性验证

Detection of the existence of lungs in eight common orders of Insecta

昆虫的肺是由加拿大昆虫学家Locke提出的,这是昆虫生理学领域的一个新概念。本文从组织学和解剖学方面研究了8个目37个科的62种昆虫中肺的结构。结果表明:代表种棉大卷叶螟Sylepta derogata及粘虫Leucania separata蛹和成虫无肺结构。在鳞翅目幼虫中肺普遍存在,且随着由低等向高等进化,肺结构也表现出一个由不太清楚到清楚,最后到十分清楚的进化过程。直翅目、螳螂目、同翅目、半翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目和膜翅目蜜蜂科的这些常见种的若(幼)虫虽没有明显肺结构,但其气管表现出由简单到复杂的进化趋势;膜翅目叶蜂科幼虫的气管具有肺功能。在这8个常见目中肺呈现出一个由无到有的进化趋势。

Locke recently proposed that insects have lungs,which raised a new concept and a new area of interest in insect physiology and morphology. The existence of lungs of 62 insect species,belonging to 37 families in eight common orders,was detected by means of anatomy and histology methods. The results showed that the pupae and adults of Leucania separata and Sylepta derogata have no distinct lungs. However,lungs exist in almost all larvae of Lepidoptera. The lungs become more distinct or clear in more advanced groups of Lepidoptera than in less advanced ones. Although the larvae or nymphs of the examined species of Orthoptera,Mantodea,Homoptera,Hemiptera,Coleoptera,Diptera,and Apidae （Hymenoptera） have no distinct lungs,their tracheae become more complex in more advanced groups than in less advanced ones. The tracheae of the larvae of Argidae （Hymenoptera） function as lungs. Our study concluded that lungs in the eight insect orders examined show a trend from nonexistence to existence and from simple to complex.