器官的构造是如何形成的——以果蝇翅为例

How to pattern a tissue?—Knowledge from Drosophila wing model system

在器官发育过程中,细胞是如何接收到指令,在特定的位置形成特定的细胞形貌,来组建一个正确的三维构造实现器官的功能,这是生物学中的最基本问题之一。在发育的早期,选择者基因通过赋予细胞以不同的亲和性把组织划分为若干个隔间区域。隔间边界细胞作为组织者通过分泌信号分子(器官成形素)来促进细胞的存活和增殖,控制细胞的分化和命运,以及确保正确的细胞形貌发生。器官成形素的空间时序性表达以及随后细胞对这些信号分子的反应是正确形成组织构造的关键环节。根据国际最新的研究进展,本文综述了构造形成的机制和主流假说,并以果蝇翅的发育为例,讨论了TGF-β家族器官成形素Dpp在翅发育中的作用机制。

One of the basic questions in organ development is that how do cells receive instruction to form a spatial pattern. In the early stage of organ development,the selector genes subdivide tissue into several compartments by differentiating cell affinity in adjacent compartments. Compartment boundary cells serve as organizers via secreting signal molecules （morphogens） that direct a number of cellular responding,such as promoting survival and proliferation,specifying cell fate and differentiation,and ensuring correct cell morphogenesis. The spatiotemporal expression of morphogens and the subsequent cellular responding to these signal molecules are crucial for correct tissue patterning. In this review,we summarize recent progress in tissue patterning and discuss the role of Decapentaplegic （Dpp） morphogen,a member of the TGF-β superfamily,in Drosophila wing development.