湖南省长沙县慢性肾脏病的流行病学研究

Epidemiologic study of chronic kidney disease in Changsha county of Hunan province

目的研究我国中南地区长沙县农村人群中慢性肾脏病（CKD）的患病情况及相关危险因素。方法在湖南省长沙县采用分层多级随机抽样的方法，抽取果园镇、安沙镇及干杉乡20岁以上的常住居民1950人，进行CKD及相关危险因素的问卷调查、体格检查和血尿检测。结果在资料完整的1727名居民中，经过人口年龄、性别构成比校正后，白蛋白尿的患病率为8．5％；血尿的患病率为5．1％；肾功能下降的患病率为1．5％。该人群CKD的患病率为14，6％，知晓率为16．5％。多因素Logistic回归提示，年龄增加10岁、高胆固醇血症、高三酰甘油血症、高血压和糖尿病与白蛋白尿独立相关；女性、年龄增加10岁、高三酰甘油血症和高尿酸血症与肾功能下降独立相关；女性与血尿独立相关。结论在我国经济迅速发展的中南地区农村中，人群CKD的患病率为14．6％，知晓率为16．5％，CKD的疾病谱与我国大城市和发达国家类似。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease （CKD） and associated factors in Changsha county of Hunan province. Methods Using a stratified, multistage sampling, 1950 residents （older than 20 years old） from 3 towns of Changsha county were randomly selected to be interviewed and tested for the kidney damage indicators and the associated factors with CKD. Results Eligible data of 1727 subjects were enrolled in the study. After the adjustment of age and gender component, the prevalence of albuminuria was 8.5%, hematuria 5.1%, and reduced eGFR 1.5%. Approximately 14.6% subjects had at least one indicator of kidney damage, and the awareness rate was 16.5%. Age, hypercholesteremia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and diabetes were independently correlated with albuminuria. Female, age, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperuricemia were independently correlated with reduced renal function. Female was independently correlated with hematuria. Conclusions The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is 14.6% and the awareness rate is 16.5% in suburban adult population of the central south area of China. The spectrum and correlated factors of CKD in this county undergoing fast economic development are close to those of Guangzhou and developed countries.